High Global Prevalence of Steatotic Liver Disease and Associated Subtypes: a Meta-Analysis

Glenn Jun Kit Ho, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Faith Xin Ning Tan, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
N Apoorva Sasikumar, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Ethan Kai Jun Tham, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Donghyun Ko, Department of Internal Medicine, Bridgeport Hospital, Yale New Haven Health, Bridgeport, CT, USA.
Do Han Kim, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Morningside and West, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA.
Pojsakorn Danpanichkul, Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA.
Zhenning Yu, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Cheng Xianda, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Zi Xuan Zhang, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Karn Wijarnpreecha, Department of Internal Medicine, Bassett Medical Center, Cooperstown, New York, USA.
Thanawin Pramotedham, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
Mazen Noureddin, Cedars-Sinai Fatty Liver Program, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Comprehensive Transplant Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Daniel Q. Huang, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore; National University Centre for Organ Transplantation, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.
Yoshio Sumida, Graduate School of Healthcare Management, International University of Healthcare and Welfare, Narita, Japan.
Atsushi Nakajima, Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
Ming-Hua Zheng, MAFLD Research Center, Department of Hepatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatology, Wenzhou, China; Institute of Hepatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for The Development of Chronic Liver Disease, Zhejiang, Wenzhou, China.
Hirokazu Takahashi, Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan.
Cheng Han Ng, Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore. Electronic address: chenhanng@gmail.com.
Mark Muthiah, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore; National University Centre for Organ Transplantation, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore. Electronic address: mdcmdm@nus.edu.sg.

Document Type

Article

Publication Title

Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Steatotic liver disease (SLD), encompassing various forms of hepatic steatosis and has become a significant global health concern. Despite its growing burden, a comprehensive understanding of its prevalence is lacking. Thus, this meta-analysis aims to provide a detailed estimation of the global prevalence of SLD and its subtypes. METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted, examining studies published between January 2023 and August 2024 from MEDLINE and EMBASE that reported on the prevalence of SLD and its subtypes. RESULTS: A total of 44 studies encompassing 11,282,575 participants were included. Among them, 3,826,283 individuals were diagnosed with SLD. The pooled global prevalence of SLD was 37.5% (95% CI: 31.4-44.1; I = 99.8%). Subtype analysis showed a prevalence of 33.6% (95% CI: 28.1-39.5; I = 99.9%) for Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), 4.1% (95% CI: 3.1-5.3; I = 100%) for Metabolic alcohol-related liver disease (MetALD), and 2.2% (95% CI: 1.5-3.1; I = 98.0%) for Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) in the population. Prevalence was notably elevated in individuals with type 2 diabetes (70.2%; 95% CI: 66.1-73.9; I = 65.4%) and in overweight/obese populations (70.7%; 95% CI: 43.2-88.4; I = 99.0%). CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of SLD shows that there remains an urgent need for targeted public health interventions and policies to address the modifiable risk factors contributing to the global burden of SLD.

DOI

10.1016/j.cgh.2025.02.006

Publication Date

4-7-2025

Identifier

40204206 (pubmed); 10.1016/j.cgh.2025.02.006 (doi); S1542-3565(25)00242-3 (pii)

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